What is the name of the specialized area of a sensory neuron that detects a specific stimulus?

The specialized area of a sensory neuron that detects a specific stimulus is known as a receptor. Receptors are specialized structures that respond to various types of stimuli, such as light, sound, temperature, and chemical changes. They convert these stimuli into nerve impulses that can be transmitted to the central nervous system for processing. For example, photoreceptors in the eyes respond to light, while chemoreceptors in the nose respond to chemical substances in the air.

Understanding the function of receptors is crucial for comprehending how sensory information is gathered and processed in the body. This knowledge is fundamental in nursing and healthcare, as it helps to understand patient responses to their environment, enabling better assessment and care strategies.