What does the intrinsic factor do?

The intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach, and its primary role is to facilitate the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine. Vitamin B12 is essential for various bodily functions, including the production of red blood cells and the maintenance of the nervous system. Without intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 cannot be effectively absorbed, leading to deficiencies that can cause anemia and neurological issues.

The production of intrinsic factor is crucial for the absorption process, as it binds to vitamin B12 in the stomach, protecting it from degradation by stomach acids and enzymes until it reaches the ileum of the small intestine, where absorption occurs. This specific interaction underscores the significance of intrinsic factor in preventing vitamin B12 deficiency, which can have serious health implications.

Understanding the function of intrinsic factor is essential for recognizing how the body absorbs certain nutrients and the potential consequences of its absence. In clinical practice, conditions such as pernicious anemia, which is characterized by a lack of intrinsic factor, highlight the importance of this glycoprotein in overall health.