What are the two main types of defenses in the immune system?

The immune system is broadly categorized into two main types of defenses: innate and adaptive defenses.

Innate defenses are the body's first line of defense against pathogens and are non-specific, responding to a wide range of possible threats without prior exposure. This includes barriers such as skin and mucous membranes, as well as immune cells like macrophages and neutrophils that can respond immediately to infections.

Adaptive defenses, on the other hand, develop more slowly and are specific to particular pathogens. This system includes lymphocytes such as T cells and B cells, which remember specific pathogens and can mount a stronger response upon subsequent exposures. The adaptive immune response also involves the production of antibodies, which help to neutralize or eliminate pathogens.

Understanding the distinction between these two types of defenses is crucial for comprehending how the immune system functions as a whole, responding effectively to both immediate threats and developing long-term immunity.